Jan. 06, 2025
The major advantage of selecting universal joints instead of other types of couplings is their ability to compensate for greater angular misalignments while transmitting relatively high torques.
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Single U-Joints can compensate for an angular misalignment of up to 45 degrees between the input and output shaft. In some very specific cases, this angle can be increased even further, but this is not recommended for use with any significant rotational speed.
The angle can also be increased by attaching multiple universal joints in line. However, each additional joint requires a support to limit the degrees of freedom and ensure the proper transmission of torque and motion. Additional U Joints and supports add friction and thus reduce the efficiency of the power transmission chain.
Typically, the connection of 2 single Joints is the most common variant of sequenced joints. A user can either connect two single joints by pinning or welding the hubs together or use a single center component, also called a double yoke, eliminating the need for additional machining, welding, and assembling.
Depending on size and type of Joint, these center components are available as part of the standard product range or are made to order. For some less popular sizes, manufacturers revert to the connection of 2 single U Joints with the aforementioned methods.
Double universal joints cannot only increase the operating angle going around a corner (sometimes referred to as "W configuration"), they also allow for the compensation of parallel misalignment between driving and driven shaft (a Z configuration).
U-Joints in correct W and Z configuration on a virtual planeU-Joints in incorrect W and Z configuration on a virtual plane
Both configurations offer nearly constant velocity between the ingoing and outgoing end of the joint.
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However, a few conditions must be met. The double joint must be located on a virtual plane and the operating angles of the two joints must be the same. If one or both joint ends are placed at an angle that takes the assembly from the virtual plane into a free 3D configuration, the constant velocity relation is lost. Also, the two joints need to be phased at 180° against each other, aligning the inwards pointing yokes.
U-Joints not on a virtual plane
U-Joints with correct and incorrect phasing
Constant velocity refers to both joint ends rotating at the same speed and remaining at the same point of revolution at all times. This is not the case for a single universal joint. At a constant input speed, the output side of the joint rotates at a fluctuating speed wave with speeds different at various points of the revolution. The amount of the fluctuation is related to the operating angle. The higher the angle, the more the speed / position of the output shaft differs from the input shaft. Depending on the application and operation conditions, this can lead to positioning errors or vibrations. U-Joint Rotation Angle DifferenceOPERATINGANGLES AND ANGLE ALIGNMENT
The vertical and/or horizontaloffset between the drive and driven shafts is what creates driveline angles.
Correct operating angles are thoseangles at which the manufacture has designed the driveline to operate. Thesetwo angles are formed between the centerline of the shaft and the yokes towhich it is connected. The operating angles must be in correct angle alignment in relationship toeach other. This means that each operating angle must be at least one degree of theother unless a constant velocity joint is utilized.
From<https://www.drivelinesnw.com/part-trouble-shooting/vibration-analysis/angle-analysis/>
Contact us to discuss your requirements of Differences between single, double and telescopic joints. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.
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