Apr. 29, 2024
CNC machining is way more precise than manual machining and can be repeated in exactly the same manner again and again. They are great for increasing production speed and efficiency.
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Compared to laser cutting, CNC machines are often quite a bit larger, so they’re very helpful for large-scale installations and projects. For hardwoods and dense materials, they are also more effective at cutting and shaping, and can cut some materials that are dangerous to fire a laser at.
Compared to laser cutters, CNC machines are not as effective at intricate designs, and can be cost-prohibitive to use because of their scale of overhead. For detailed pieces like event decor, signage, or thin plywood projects, a laser cutter is often the better choice for speed, accuracy and cost-effectiveness.
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That means we can help you realize projects of any size or scope, from the grandiose to the infinitesimally small. If you’re not sure whether you need a CNC or a laser (or perhaps both to finish the full scope of your project), give us a shout and we’ll help you out on every front.
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Let’s move on to the article’s highlight, the main differences between the two types of cutters.
CNC machines and laser cutters have different ways of doing their job. CNC is like a spinning drill. It physically touches and carves into the material, moving up, down, left, and right. This movement in all three directions lets it carve out 3D designs and handle thick materials.
Laser cutters work differently. They don’t touch the material at all. Instead, they use a powerful beam of light to burn and melt the material. The laser moves along the plane (x and y-axis), but it controls depth by adjusting its power. So, most lasers stick to 2D designs, but there are some advanced ones, like the xTool D1 Pro, that can do 3D engraving on various materials.
With CNC machines, the size of the spinning bit determines how detailed it can get. These cutting bits can get as small as ¼ inch (0.03265mm). But there’s a catch: the smaller the bit, the less force it has, making it tricky to cut through thick materials.
Laser beams, on the other hand, are much more precise. They can focus down to a tiny spot, as small as 0.08 mm. The best part is that the size of the laser spot doesn't limit how deep it can cut; it depends on the power it packs.
CNC machines are like carving with a knife. Since the tool touches the material, there’s friction, and it might take a bit longer to cut through. Sometimes, you may need multiple passes to complete the cut. In contrast, Lasers are speedy. They can zip through materials, often in just one go.
For a quick comparison: a CNC machine might cut through 1/8 inch plywood at a pace of 70 inches per minute (ipm). While a laser cutter can race through the same task at 120 ipm. But remember, the thicker the material, laser speed, and efficacy drops.
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CNC machines are the all-rounders in the cutting world. They can handle everything from metals and wood to fibers and plastics. Plus, they don’t shy away from thicker materials.
On the flip side, laser machines have their specialties. They’re great with wood, rubber, leather, and acrylic. But they come with a few “don'ts.” For example, materials that bounce back lasers, like metals, are a no-go for diode lasers (although fiber lasers can cut metal). And you’d want to avoid materials like vinyl that release nasty fumes when hit with a laser.
The price tags on desktop or entry-level cutters for both CNC and laser machines look pretty similar. But if you’re eyeing those heavy-duty industrial machines, lasers have a heftier price tag.
About running costs? CNC machines have a few extras you need to buy, and their router bits wear out and need replacement after a while. On the other hand, laser machines run on a laser module that can keep going for a whopping 50,000 hours before it needs a swap.
Maintenance-wise, CNC machines are kind of a TLC now and then, which means a few extra costs here and there. Whereas, lasers are like that trusty old car – once you have invested, they’ll run smoothly for years with minimal fuss.
CNC machines behave as manual cars of the cutting world. They are numerically controlled and programmed, so you’ll need to get familiar with CAD CAM software, not to mention those G-codes and M-codes. And with a variety of router bits to choose from, you'll have to manually set cutting parameters. It can be a bit of a steep climb for beginners.
Laser cutters are similar to automated cars. They come with user-friendly design software that’s got pre-set settings for different materials. Plus, with ready-made shapes and templates, designing becomes a breeze. So, for those just starting, lasers will feel more approachable.
CNC machines, by their very nature, carve and chip away at materials. This means they produce shavings, dust, and debris, especially with materials like wood or plastic. This can lead to a dusty environment. So, you’ll often need to clean up the workspace after each operation.
Laser cutters operate by burning or melting the material. This process can produce fumes when cutting materials like acrylic or certain plastics. However, in most cases, the machines are properly ventilated with a smoke purification system, which filters that smoke before releasing it. In general, they produce way less physical debris compared to CNC machines.
CNC machines have rapidly spinning router bits and moving parts. So, you need to keep your hands, clothing, and hair away to avoid entanglement or injury. It is always advised to wear tight clothing, safety goggles, and hearing protection devices.
Laser cutters mostly come enclosed, so the chance of accidental risk of exposure is minimal. However, for some open CNC laser machines that don't have these enclosures, wearing safety glasses is crucial to protect your eyes.
CNC machines are generally noisier. The sound comes from the spinning of the router bit, the movement of the machine's parts, and the actual cutting or carving of the material. Harder materials, like metals, can amplify this noise.
Laser cutters are quieter in comparison. The primary noise from a laser cutter is the hum of the machine and the exhaust or cooling fans. The actual process of cutting or engraving with the laser is relatively silent in comparison to CNCs.
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