10 Questions You Should to Know about polyvinyl alcohol powder

Commonly used in laundry detergent products, PVA is used in the plastic that encapsulates a detergent pod and in the sheet structure of a detergent sheet. PVA in this instance dissolves in water to release the detergent. PVA is manufactured for use in laundry detergents in such a way as to ensure it’ll biodegrade and is water-soluble so that the cleaning products are not only effective in their overall job but also safe for the environment. 

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Here are some pros and cons of using PVA in various industries:

Pros:

• Biodegradable: PVA is biodegradable, meaning that it can decompose naturally and won't harm the environment.
• Water-soluble: PVA is soluble in water, which makes it easy to use in a variety of applications, such as adhesives, coatings and films.
• Strong adhesive properties: PVA has strong adhesive properties and can bond well with many materials, such as paper, fabrics and wood.
• Low toxicity: PVA is considered to have an extremely low toxic material level and is safe for use in food packaging and other consumer products, such as laundry detergents.
• Versatile: PVA can be modified in various ways to achieve different properties, such as elasticity, viscosity and strength.

Cons:

• Poor resistance to heat and moisture: PVA has poor resistance to heat and moisture, which limits its use in some applications where high temperatures or humidity levels are present.
• Limited chemical resistance: PVA is sensitive to certain chemicals, such as acids and alkalis, which can degrade its properties and cause it to break down.
• Brittle: PVA can become brittle over time, which may limit its use in applications where flexibility is required.
• Slow drying time: PVA can have a slow drying time, which can be a disadvantage in some applications where quick drying is necessary.
• Cost: PVA can be relatively expensive compared to other types of adhesives and polymers, which may limit its use in some applications where cost is a major factor.

Does PVA contain microplastics?

Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic debris that are no longer than five millimetres. Currently, the environment is suffering from a severely high level of microplastic pollution. Microplastics can be found in a number of different fibres, including face masks, from polyester to nylon fabrics, glitter, etc. but they can also come from shedding off of larger pieces of plastic such as plastic bags or water bottles.

The most critical issue that comes from microplastics is the fact that once they have entered the environment there is no way to get rid of them - this is why the environment is suffering from massive microplastic pollution. As these microplastics begin to break down into smaller and smaller pieces of plastic they have the ability to become airborne. The exposure risk of microplastics for humans is one that has yet to be resolved. Humans are estimated to eat or inhale approximately 74,000 to 114,000 microplastics annually. Just like we are not able to remove microplastics from the environment, once we inhale them, there is no way to remove them from our bodies. This means that they can spread to various parts of our bodies such as our lungs, the placenta, and even in our blood. 

PVA films share properties, such as flexibility with many plastics, but they differ in that they are completely dissolvable when they are exposed to water. These dissolved polymers are biodegradable by microorganisms in water treatment facilities and the environment. This is in contrast to microplastics which are non-biodegradable and remain persistent in the environment.

PVA’s safety within the environment

Polyvinyl Alcohol film is used because of its ability to dissolve in water as well as the non-toxicity of its properties. PVA films are manufactured to be completely biodegradable, meaning that once they dissolve they do not break into microplastics. Instead, once the PVA film is dissolved and washed down the drain, it is biodegraded by the wastewater, and that is where the Polyvinyl alcohol lifecycle ends. 

When laundry detergents contain PVA, such as detergent sheets or pods, the film that is in the product quickly dissolves in the water, including cold water, which enables the highly concentrated detergent to effectively clean the clothes. As the washing cycle comes to an end, the PVA film completely dissolves, and the resulting dissolved polymers, along with the dirt and other detergent components from the wash, are carried away down the drain. The water then flows to a wastewater treatment facility where the dissolved film undergoes further degradation by bacteria and other microbes in the environment.

EWG's Skin Deep, a company that rates a variety of different chemicals on a scale from 1 to 10 on how toxic they are for the environment and for humans is backed by scientists. They rate polyvinyl alcohol a level 1 threat on a scale from 1 to 10, meaning it is the lowest possible level of threat that it can be. In regard to cancer, toxicity, allergies, etc. they say that the threat level of PVAs is extremely low, meaning that the use of PVAs does not have a negative effect on humans or the environment. 

Polyvinyl Alcohol is often confused with Polyvinyl Acetate (commonly used as glue), which also uses the acronym PVA, which is why it is a common mistake. PVA is also sometimes confused with Polyvinyl Chloride, known as the poison plastic, and uses the acronym PVC. Although these all use the word Polyvinyl in their names and are all polymers, they are entirely different substances that have different effects on the environment. 

• ​​Polyvinyl alcohol = non-toxic, biodegradable polymer
• Polyvinyl acetate = rubbery polymer commonly used as glue
• Polyvinyl chloride = toxic plastic polymer that often contains phthalates and heavy metals

Why are companies spreading misinformation?

There are a number of studies that have been commissioned by several companies in order to spread misinformation regarding Polyvinyl alcohol to help promote their own products. It is important to make sure that when reading anything regarding PVA, which is used in a number of different companies products, the information that is being presented is not used solely to boost the favorability of a specific company. These studies that have been conducted and released claiming that PVAs are harming the environment are ignoring decades worth of research that in fact state the exact opposite. 

The American Cleaning Institute (ACI) responded to a petition going around by non-governmental companies declaring that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) step in and prohibit other companies from using polyvinyl alcohol in their products, more specifically in laundry detergent sheets and pods. The use of PVA within the laundry industry was an innovative technique that many other companies are trying to dismantle by spreading this misinformation. The ACI believes that the petition being spread by non-government organizations is funded by these companies to ensure that they can prevent laundry companies from using this innovative technology. These companies are spreading this misinformation and are actively ignoring a significant amount of third-party research done on the safety and biodegradable properties of PVAs. 

These non-governmental organizations are continuing to lie and spread false information regarding PVAs. They are attempting to show that all companies using PVAs are harming the environment, which is not true, and to try and place themselves at the forefront of the laundry industry and prevent innovation from continuing within this sector.

Is PVA found in Kind Laundry products?

Kind Laundry detergent sheets are made up of less than 10 ingredients, and yes, PVA is one of those ingredients. PVA is used in Kind Laundry sheets to help compose and maintain the structure of the sheet. We use PVA in our products because it is completely biodegradable by acclimated organisms, water-soluble, and 100% dissolvable. PVAs are recognized by the FDA as safe ingredients to use, which is why we chose to include them in our ingredient list. We continue to educate ourselves, our team and our customers about the ingredients in our products and complete the research necessary to do so.

Our primary focus is to ensure that we are providing our customers with factual information that is valuable to them. It is important to us that we are sharing the truth about the ingredients we are using and strive for transparency within our community. Our focus is not to mislead people in order to make ourselves look better, instead, we are here to educate and share our knowledge with those who want to learn along with us. 

In conclusion, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a versatile synthetic polymer that offers several advantages and disadvantages depending on its intended use. While it has strong adhesive properties, is water-soluble, and is biodegradable, PVA has limited resistance to heat and moisture, can become brittle over time, and can have a slow drying time. However, PVA is considered to be a low-toxicity material, making it safe for use in various consumer products, including food packaging, the pharmaceutical industry, and laundry detergents. As with any material, it is important to understand its properties and limitations before using it in any application. Overall, when used appropriately and with proper safety measures, PVA can be a safe and effective material for various industrial and commercial purposes.

Resources 

PVA is a unique synthetic polymer known for its versatility and a range of applications, from adhesives to textiles and even eco-friendly packaging. The classification of PVA as a plastic can be a matter of debate, primarily due to its unique properties.  Unlike conventional plastics, it easily dissolves and is invisible to the naked eye due to is high solubility in water. This would not qualify it as a micro plastic but potentially the concern would be does it build up when used in exceeding high numbers?  

BENEFIT OR DANGER?

The main question for us would be: If used over time by millions or billions of people, would this material build up in our clean water source and potentially become a toxic problem? Its ability to dissolve easily in water making it likely to absorb contaminates keeping it in high concentrations. PVA also displays foaming properties in large bodies of water hinder natural wildlife which is very concerning. Right now it does not appear there are enough studies to reveal a definite answer other than- it currently biodegrades. A study conducted by Michigan State University consider it highly biodegradable but do not mention compostable. So we tread lightly and avoid its use awaiting more information on its benefits. As you know we support non-industrial compostable over the general term of biodegradable.

For more information, please visit polyvinyl alcohol powder.

OUR PLASTIC DEFINITION

There are so many chemical modifications used to create products we created an ever-growing list of plastic common names. By our definition if a product is a synthetic polymer, made from petroleum derived sources, and cannot safely integrate back into the environment (toxic) by normal everyday exposure, then it is a plastic. Currently PVA is made from oil and is a polymer so it already falls into the category for a plastic to us here at DEW MIGHTY.

COMMON PRODUCTS USING PVA

Adhesives:Glue That Bonds It All: PVA-based glues, often referred to as white glue or wood glue, are a staple in homes, schools, and workshops. They are known for their strong bonding capabilities and are commonly used for crafting, woodworking, and DIY projects.

Packaging "Eco-Friendly Solutions": PVA is making waves in the packaging industry, especially in the quest for eco-friendly alternatives. Water-soluble PVA packaging materials, like dissolvable pouches, are gaining popularity so check with the brand if you plan to avoid it.

Pharmaceuticals Binder in Medications: PVA can be found in pharmaceutical tablets and capsules, where it acts as a binder, helping to hold the active ingredients together.

Personal Care Products Capsules for Convenience: Next time you use a shampoo or body wash capsule, you likely are handling PVA. These clear and shiny capsules often use PVA for their water-soluble packaging. Check with the brand if they found a unique alternate source or if PVA is their way of making the product. Labeling guidelines suggest they do not need to tell you the materials in their packaging since it is not considered an ingredient in their formula.

Paper Coating Enhancing Paper Quality: PVA is used as a coating agent for paper, improving its surface properties, printability, and overall strength

Food Industry Edible Innovations: PVA is a versatile ingredient in the food industry, where it is used to create edible films for products like breath strips and dissolvable pouches for powdered supplements.

Detergents and Cleaners Cleaning Made Easy: PVA-based films play a role in dishwasher and laundry detergent pods, contributing to their dissolvable outer casings.

Textiles Intricate Embroidery: Ever wonder how intricate embroidery patterns are created? PVA-based films play a hidden role here. These films are used as temporary support materials for embroidery, dissolving away to reveal the beautifully embroidered fabric. It is also used in other processing and handling for ease prior to a final product.

DOES IT REALLY BIODEGRADE?

The great debate is if the claims made about biodegradation and harm impact to our environment. Most companies selling the technology emphatically say YES and it is because microbes in waste treatment plants are "eating it" and breaking it down. When independent lab studies were conducted on marine water it appears the degradation of the PVA is significantly lowered since marine water PH is greater than 8 and likely to lack the same microbes used to process waste water. This same study also shows some degree of marine toxicity for certain PVA materials and not others. Lastly, The claims of wastewater treatment removing nearly all PVA from our waterways seems to be unlikely. As it turns out, in highly dense populations across the US the waste water facilities tested show PVA is not readily digested by microbes at 100% success rate. There is also sludge and wastewater that does not go through majority of the systems treatment because they are filtered to other use like agriculture. It appears that like most studies, our real life conditions are not optimized to match the biodegradable claims suppliers make on this plastic.

THE QUEST FOR MORE INFORMATION 

PVA is used across nearly every industry. Similar to traditional plastics it is from oil based petroleum and is not classified as compostable. Early on, PVA has found a role in the eco-friendly market for applications, particularly in dissolvable packaging. We hope the brands that adopted this style of product will also stop to do the necessary testing to understand the long term impacts. Does PVA act innocuously or does it harm it over time? Current studies believe it can biodegrade, but as usual we ask- is that really the case in real life circumstances? Polyvinyl uses a petroleum feedstock, it's supported by big oil companies, and that leads us to think are we turning a blind eye to a potential problem? A group of non-profits and companies thing the same thing and filed a petition with the EPA in January . The petition requests under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) that EPA require manufacturers and processors of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) affiliated with EPA's Safer Choice certification program to fund and conduct health and environmental safety testing using independent, third-party scientists

GREAT ADDITIONAL READS

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC/

https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/trending-polyvinyl-alcohol

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S?via%3Dihub

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10./tsd--/html

https://www.mdpi.com/-/18/11/

https://www.mdpi.com/-/13/21/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC/

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents//04/27/-/polyvinyl-alcohol-pva-tsca-section-21-petition-for-rulemaking-reasons-for-agency-response-denial-of

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC/

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