Ball Bearings - A Complete Buying Guide - RS Components

Ball bearings are a type of rolling-element bearing used to reduce friction and guide rotating parts. They allow for the injection of motion between different parts and transmit energy for mechanical operation. This type of bearing uses balls to maintain the separation and distance between the bearing races. Ball bearings are designed to reduce rotational friction while supporting both radial and axial loads. They are primarily made from steel, but other materials such as ceramic and nylon are available.

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Ball bearings are used in a wide range of applications within the power transmission and manufacturing industries. You will find ball bearings in everything from vehicles and white goods to agriculture and aerospace machinery. There are a wide range of bearing types and sizes to suit all applications. Roller bearings are a similar rolling-element bearing which feature cylindrical rollers for supporting heavier loads.

With a wide range of ball bearings available, it is important to choose the right type for your application. There are some common types of bearing, such as angular contact and deep groove, which offer different performance and characteristics. Here you will find information on these differences.

Each bearing type can also be open-style or closed/sealed. Open-style ball bearings are the most common variety. Shielded-style bearings feature metal shields on either one or both sides. The shield prevents dirt and debris from contacting and affecting the operation of the bearing. However, it also allows for the free flow of oil through the bearing for smooth operation.

There are two types of loads that have an impact on the function of the ball bearing; radial and axial. The radial load is projected around the radius and vertical force in relation to gear trains (ninety degrees to the shaft). Axial loads project horizontal force upon the bearing (the same axis as the bearing i.e. along the shaft). The other type of load to account for is dynamic, referring to the combined effects of the radial and axial forces. Ball bearings have been included in the manufacture of everything from skateboards to hard drives for optimum performance and functionality. Their main applications include:

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• Aerospace engineering
• Centrifugal pump production
• Motors
• Conveyors
• Cooling fans
• Robotics

Will ball bearings reduce friction?

Yes, ball bearings are specifically designed to reduce friction. These bearings contain balls which have less surface contact and produce less friction than a flat surface would. The inner ring and outer ring have rolling friction instead of sliding friction. Therefore ball bearings are able to spin smoothly. Due to the point contact of the balls to the raceway, these bearings can take relatively low loads, but at higher speeds than roller bearings. Conversely, roller bearings take higher loads but at slower speeds.

Where are ball bearings used?

Ball bearings are commonly used in machinery but are also widely used across many industries. You can find roller bearings in household appliances through to automotive and aerospace applications.

When to replace ball bearings?

It is important to follow the lifespan advised by the manufacturer of your chosen ball bearing. It is also important to identify when a ball bearing needs replacing. For example, changes in noises such as humming or clicking. There are also visible signs such as vibrations or misalignment. Condition monitoring can greatly reduce the chance of consequential damage from failed bearings.

What are ball bearings made of?

Ball bearings are most commonly made from carbon steel, however, when anti-corrosion properties are required they can be made from 304 stainless steel. This is due to its durability and corrosion resistance. However, there are plastic ball bearings and ceramic hybrid bearings available too.

How do plastic ball bearings work?

Budget-friendly plastic ball bearings don’t require any external lubrication and are corrosion-resistant, given the use of glass or plastic balls. These relatively lightweight bearings are suitable for use in particularly harsh environments and are a common choice for workers within the medical and food industries. Other common materials for ball bearings include steel and stainless steel.

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