How to Choose the Right Connector for Your Project | NorComp

Author: Grace

Jul. 28, 2025

How to Choose the Right Connector for Your Project | NorComp

The top 5 things to consider

While small, connectors have a massive impact on PCB and enclosure designs. The right choice strikes a balance between electrical and mechanical needs for reliable performance that fits seamlessly into your end product.

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Connectors are no place to cut corners, so we’ve put together a list of the top five technical factors you should consider when selecting the best connector type for your project.

Power demands

High-performing connectors are a compromise between space requirements and power needs. Technical requirements will dictate important decisions like material, pin count, wire gauge, contact sizes, and mounting footprint.

High-voltage needs might point to a connector with insulation or wider spacing between pins, but the footprint of your board design could be the factor that sways your decision. Here’s what you’ll need to consider:

  • Current
  • Frequency
  • Voltage

You can see how these different parameters can affect model selection for a connector like the QUIK-LOQ:

# of contacts

Pin diameter (mm/in)

Max wire size

(awg)

Max current

(A)

Contact resistance (mΩ)

Working voltage

(V)

QUICK-LOQ 820B002

2

.9 / .035

22

10

6

330

QUICK-LOQ 820B009

9

.5 / .020

28

2

10

220

Operating conditions

Some connectors need to stand up to harsh outdoor environments including rain and salt spray. Indoors, connectors can also be met with challenging elements such as dust, water jets, and chemicals. Industries from manufacturing to oil and gas require connectors that can endure tough conditions. The IP rating of a connector indicates how protected it is against ingress.

How to read an IP rating

An IP rating contains two digits.

The first digit ranges from 0 to 6 and tells you how protected the connector is against solid objects. This number starts at an unprotected zero (IP0X). Ratings including IP2X will defend against objects under 12.5mm like fingers, while the heavily armored IP6X offers complete protection against micro particles such as dust.

The second digit represents a connector’s protection against liquids: it can be as low as zero or as high as nine. A connector rated IPX0 is not protected, while an IPX4 shields inner workings against splashing water. If you’re operating at sea, for example, you will want to upgrade to waterproof IPX8 connectors—the gold star of liquid ingress protection. These highly sealed connectors can survive continuous immersion beyond 1 meter.

You can use this helpful chart to evaluate the potential needs of your industry.

Conditions your industry should consider when selecting connectors

Application

Temperature

Shock/Vibration

Pressure

Corrosion

Explosion

Liquids

Dust

Medical

X

X

X

Automotive

X

X

X

X

Industrial

X

X

X

X

X

Want more information on Connectors for Telecom Products custom? Feel free to contact us.

X

Oil & Gas

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Agricultural

X

X

X

X

X

Marine/Undersea

X

X

X

X

X

In some applications, you will need to upgrade to a fully ruggedized connector. These connector types are outfitted to take on high pressure, shock, and vibration—even explosion risk.

These ultra-protected connectors arm against the elements using features such as an anti-corrosion stainless steel alloy shell. Using ruggedized locking, latching, or screw retention mechanisms, you can avoid unintentional disconnects in highly turbulent or jostling conditions.

Ambient temperature

The operating environment will also dictate the temperature range your connector must withstand. A robot that performs assembly tasks on a bustling factory floor undergoes different temperature swings than a server in a cold data center.

Footprint and size constraints

Modern electronics are shrinking in size, restricting the amount of space available for bulky connectors. But electronics are also smarter than ever, meaning manufacturers need to squeeze more sensors and connections into a denser footprint. Tighter footprints increase the risk of mechanical interference and crosstalk, so available space is a prime consideration when selecting connectors.

Equipment that used to be stationary—like an MRI machine that takes up an entire room—is now on the move. This new trend towards increased portability further shrinks product designs, pointing more engineers towards miniature connector types.

Mating cycles

Some applications are mated once and more or less remain connected throughout their entire life cycle. Others are frequently connected and disconnected, like those used in bench testing and medical imaging, causing more wear and tear.

A connector’s mating cycles specify the number of connects and disconnects a manufacturer expects it to survive. Some are ready to withstand 750 mating cycles, while others, like push-pull designs, can last upwards of 5,000.

Design considerations that impact a connector’s rating in this area include its plating and how the contacts are formed. You can see how different D-subminiature types differ in this area:

Estimated mating cycles for D-subminiature connectors

Stamped & Formed Contacts

Machined Contacts

Gold Flash Plating*

50

150

30 Micro Inch Plating

250

500

50 Micro Inch Plating

500

750

* Thickness ranging from 0.2µ” – 0.6µ” Au

From robotics to telematics, outdoor sensors to high-stakes military equipment, we have over __ connectors up to the job. Our team is ready to walk you through this selection guide and help you find the best interconnect solution for your project.


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The Basics of Circular Connectors and Cables | Same Sky

What Are Circular Connectors?

Circular connectors are cylindrical electrical devices of varying size with circular mating surfaces. They contain multiple pins, or contacts that connect with applicable parts to transfer electrical power, signals, or data. They may also be referred to as circular interconnects. The internal contacts are mated with wire or cable to carry a signal.

Their cylindrical or tube-shaped bodies make these connectors especially rugged and resistant to vibration and impact damage, temperature and pressure extremes, outside signals or interference, and incursion from dust or gasses.

The array of modern products currently available in this category ranges from simple plastic, metal, or composite standard circular connectors to many other types, including DIN, Metric, Hermetic, Push-Pull, Keyed, Mixed Signal, and Micro or Nano versions. Hybrid options are available that combine power, signal, and data into a single device. Modular or custom solutions can also be found that tailor a connector product to a specific application. Shop Same Sky's full range of circular connectors and circular cable assemblies.

Characteristics of Circular Connectors

Their tube or cylindrical shape gives circular connectors a higher strength to weight ratio than any other shape. This inherent strength allows for resistance to outside elements, impact damage, and accidental decoupling. This strength also makes them useful and resilient in applications requiring frequent mating cycles. The number of internal pins or contacts are varied by application, and the layout of the contacts or internal keys assures proper alignment and insertion into a mating device.

Circular connectors are most often (but not always) connected by threaded areas on the shells. This screw-in connection allows them to be easily and securely locked into position and remain in place despite vibration or impact. Other types of connection systems include bayonet locking, push/pull locking, and snap lock.

The basic structure of a circular connector includes the following:

  • Contacts – these are the pins and sockets housed internally in the connector that mate with each other to form an electrical connection. A contact pair is composed of a male contact pin and a female socket.
  • Insulator - this is the material used to encapsulate the contacts and insulate them from each other and the connector shell. This material also serves to hold the contacts in the correct position in the shell and properly spaces them from each other.
  • Shell – this is the outer cover of the connector and serves to house the contacts and insulator. It also provides alignment when mating the connector halves and secures the connector sections to each other or to a device.
  • Accessories – these are the additional components that are used to position, guide, clamp, secure, or seal the parts of the connector. They include pins, rings, keys, clamps, gaskets, and more.

Broad Uses of Circular Connectors

Circular connectors, due to their high performance in extremes of vibration, shock, temperature, pressure, and interference (EMI & RFI) are finding increased use in many industrial applications requiring electric power transmission, signal transmission, data transfer, and mixed signal transmission (power + signal + data). They are best used when rugged construction of the connector is necessary, when ingress protection is warranted, when a secure mating system is required, or when protection from EMI or RFI is necessary.

M5 vs. M8 vs. M12 Designations and Codes

M-style circular connectors are a series of standard product types used for connecting sensors and actuators in industrial network applications. They are designed to perform in extreme conditions. The “M” designation refers to the size of the metric thread on the coupling nuts and mating receptacles, and thus the relative size of the connectors. M5 connectors have 5 mm diameter fasteners, M8 have 8 mm fasteners, and M12 have 12 mm fasteners.

M12 circular connectors and cables are the most used size and are a global standard for the automotive industry. They are further divided into additional categories based on the keying or shape of the contact body. The various M12 codes ensure that cables are mounted with the correct connectors. The different codes used and their definitions are the following:

  • A – connectors for sensors, dc power and 1 Gbit Ethernet (protocol for connecting computer systems to form a network).
  • B – connectors for Fieldbus (industrial computer network for distributed control) and Profibus (digital network standard providing communication between field sensors and a control system).
  • C – connectors with a dual keyway for added security, used for ac power for sensors and actuators.
  • D – connectors for 100 Mbit Ethernet and Profinet (protocol for data exchange between controllers and devices) systems.
  • X – connectors for 10 Gbit Ethernet high speed applications as well as power over Ethernet (PoE).
  • S – connectors for ac power (replacement for C – coded parts).
  • T – connectors for dc power (replacement for A – coded parts).

Applicable Standards for Circular Connectors

Circular connectors are designed and manufactured in compliance with several different national and international standards organizations. Here are some of the standards bodies and designations involved with the development and continued use of these products:

  • UL – Underwriter’s Laboratories standards pertaining to circular connectors (UL & UL) cover safety issues and properties of materials used in manufacturing.
  • IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission standards define and describe several types of circular connectors, including IEC -2-113 that defines the requirements for M12 connectors.
  • MIL/AERO – Military Standards for circular connectors were developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in the ’s and cover design and test requirements for a broad array of connectors, including circular devices.
  • EN – European Standards (European Norm) cover circular connector details in EN- IEC . Other standards cover connector specifications by application.
  • IP – Ingress Protection ratings are defined by the IEC standard that covers protection against solids and liquids entering the body of the connector. ANSI covers IP in the United States and EN covers it in Europe.
  • DIN – German National Standards Organization (Deutsches Institut fur Normung) standards cover circular connectors specifically in DIN and other documents.
  • VARAN – Versatile Automation Random Access Network is a bus system based on Ethernet that is implemented in hardware for machine automation, including circular connectors.

Selection Criteria for Circular Connectors

There are numerous criteria to consider when you are specifying circular connectors for a new design or a re-design. The first is whether your design requires a circular plastic connector (CPC), or a circular metal-shell connector (CMC). Beyond this, here is a non-exhaustive list of parameters in random order that you will need to decide on:

  • Gender (Male/Female): The male part incorporates the contact pins that plug into the sockets in the receptacle, or female portion. Most plugs and receptacles are designed to mate within their own brand, or manufactured product line. Typically, connectors from different manufacturers do not interconnect. You will typically be sourcing connectors as a mated pair, but not always.
  • Number of Contacts: The number of conductive pins or contacts that your design requires in the connector to carry the signals, data, or power you need to move.
  • Termination: This is how your wire or cable will mate with the conductive contacts in the connector. Some options include solder, wire wrap, lugs, or crimping.
  • Contact Size: The diameter of the individual contacts, or the gauge of the wire that can mate with each contact.
  • Voltage & Current Rating: The maximum voltage or current that the connector is designed to carry. Current rating is the flow of electricity, expressed as amps (A). Voltage rating is the amount of voltage that can be safely carried, expressed as volts (V).
  • Insertion Frequency: The regularity of connection and disconnection of the connector (also known as mating cycles). Frequent mating cycles may require a more robust connector or cable protection accessory.
  • Mounting Type: How the connector will be mounted, including cable mount, panel mount or circuit board mount. Different mounting hardware applies to each type.
  • Coupling or Locking Style: How the connector will be securely mated. Locking styles include bayonet, latch, push-pull, threaded, and quick-disconnect.
  • Type of Backshell: The connector backshell is threaded onto the cable side of a circular connector to provide secure cable support. Many different types of backshells are available, including straight, right angle, braid tail, spring, strain relief, sealed and crimped.
  • Environmental Factors: Will the connector be exposed to liquids, gasses, or subject to immersion? Does the connector require protection from EMI or RFI signals? Will the connector come in contact with caustic chemicals, excessive vibration or frequent impacts? The answers to each of these will help determine the quality, features, and accessories you may need.
  • Materials Used: Connector bodies can be stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, composite, or brass, depending on your requirements and budget.
  • Accessories: Connector manufacturers offer many different types of accessories that add to the functionality of their products. The list of these is quite long, but some examples include seals, boots, and caps to lock out liquids and gasses, strain reliefs and cable clamps to protect cable disconnect, backshells to protect connections, flanges, gaskets, and grommets for installation, and cable grips for easier insertion/removal.
  • Plugs & Sockets: While there are variations in industry standards, typically sockets and jacks are associated with panel mounted connectors while plugs are connectors that are part of cable assemblies. Again, there is no standard convention for this naming so different manufacturers may use alternate terms.

Application Examples

Uses for circular connectors have been expanding ever since their introduction for military applications in the ’s. For example, today’s process control systems and factory floor sensor networks, often in harsh environments, demand interconnect products that reliably function under challenging conditions.

Electronic medical equipment also incorporates circular connectors to make sure cables are always connected correctly by the hospital staff and do not come loose when a patient is moved. Some of the many other application areas that enjoy the benefits of connectivity using circular connectors include:

The company is the world’s best 25 Pin Connector supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.

  • Process Control & Industrial Automation
  • Factory Wiring
  • Transportation
  • Aerospace & Defense
  • Medical Equipment
  • Robotics
  • Audio/Video Communications
  • Radio & TV Communication
  • Energy
  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
  • Test & Measurement

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