Aug. 18, 2025
Telecommunications
As long as the electricity stays on, a UPS system supplies conditioned utility power to its outlets and keeps its internal battery charged. It also protects your valuable devices and data from power problems, such as power surges and abnormal voltages. If the power goes out, the UPS system provides backup power from its internal battery. This allows your equipment to stay on during a power outage, which is especially useful for devices like computers that can lose data when they turn off unexpectedly.
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Note: A UPS system can also be called an uninterruptible power supply or battery backup system.
As long as electricity stays on, the UPS system provides utility power to the devices connected to its outlets, keeps its internal battery charged and protects equipment from power problems. During an outage, the UPS system keeps connected devices functioning by supplying electricity from its internal battery.
The battery backup runtime of the UPS is the estimated time it will keep connected equipment powered during an outage, without an opportunity to recharge its batteries. Runtime varies depending on the size of the UPS battery and the wattage required by the connected equipment, as well as factors like efficiency, room temperature and battery age. Each UPS product information page at tripplite.eaton.com provides access to estimated runtimes for the entire range of wattages the UPS can support.
In the event of an extended blackout that exceeds the backup runtime of the UPS, battery backup provides an opportunity to shut down computers properly and prevent data loss. Automatic shutdown is also available for unattended computers. For applications where shutting down is not an option, many network and mission-critical UPS systems support increasing battery capacity to extend runtime from minutes to hours.
Network and mission-critical applications often include standby generators as part of the facility's backup system, so UPS systems may only require sufficient runtime to support the equipment load until generators start up, stabilize and take over. While generators are operating, UPS systems continue to condition power before it reaches connected equipment.
On-line UPS systems use a technology called double conversion to provide the strongest protection against abnormal input voltage and the most precise regulation of output voltage. This makes them the best choice for mission-critical equipment, sites with challenging power conditions and devices that are especially sensitive to power quality. The UPS continuously converts AC input power to DC power, then converts the DC power to high-quality AC output power for connected equipment. On-line UPS systems can accept the widest range of input voltages and typically regulate output within 2-3% of the nominal voltage.
Note: The high-speed cooling fans in on-line UPS systems may be too loud for quiet home and office environments. Contact us before selecting an on-line UPS for a desktop application.
UPS types (or topologies) include standby, line-interactive and on-line. They are explained in more detail above in Top 3 UPS Features and compared below in the UPS Comparison Chart.
If you are selecting a UPS for a home or office application, you will likely choose between standby and line-interactive UPS systems. Standby UPS systems typically cost less and have some of the smallest space requirements. Even if cost is your primary concern, however, always consider a line-interactive UPS. The price difference is negligible in many cases. If you want to protect valuable and sensitive computers and electronics, especially in locations with unstable utility power or frequent storms, choose a line-interactive UPS whenever possible.
If you are selecting a UPS for a network application outside your home, such as protecting servers and network hardware for a business, you will likely choose between line-interactive and on-line UPS systems. Generally speaking, line-interactive UPS systems have lower acquisition costs and on-line UPS systems provide significantly more protection. The question comes down to whether the extra protection is worth it to you, and that usually depends on your application and tolerance for disruption and downtime. How much does it cost to replace damaged equipment? How much does it cost in revenue and aggravation if your network is down for a while?
For most types of equipment, line-interactive UPS systems provide excellent, cost-effective protection. For critical equipment essential to productivity, devices sensitive to power quality and locations with difficult power conditions, on-line UPS systems are a better choice. They provide complete isolation from most power problems, the strongest protection against costly downtime and the best compatibility with sensitive equipment.
Key Point: If budgetary considerations require you to use a line-interactive UPS where you would prefer an on-line UPS, make sure it provides pure sine wave output in battery mode instead of pulse width modulated (PWM) sine wave output.
A UPS system's output capacity is the maximum power it can supply in battery mode to support connected equipment. It is typically measured in volt-amperes (VA). The capacity of the UPS must be at least as large as the total power required by the connected equipment or it will experience an overload and be unable to support the equipment during an outage.
To estimate power capacity requirements, add up the wattage of the devices you plan to connect to the UPS. Refer to the nameplate or manufacturer's documentation for each device to find its wattage. If output is listed in amps, multiply by the nominal AC voltage to estimate wattage.
UPS systems designed for home and office use are in the 300 to 1,500 VA range, allowing them to plug into standard household outlets. UPS systems designed for data centers may be much larger. This is also a function of the type and quantity of equipment that is likely to be connected: an energy-efficient desktop computer may only require 60 watts, while a data center rack packed with servers will require thousands of watts.
Key Points: To leave a margin for error and fluctuating power demands during operation, select a UPS with an output capacity (VA) rating 20% higher than the estimated power requirements of your connected equipment. Also consider whether you want to leave room for future expansion. We recommend that you confirm your estimate with our technical support team, especially for more complex situations and applications requiring 5,000 VA or more.
The AC input voltage (and input plug type) of the UPS should match the voltage (and wall outlet type) of the installation site. For homes and offices in North America, the input (and output) voltage is typically 120V and the input plug type is NEMA 5-15P, which is the familiar grounded power plug used for most household applications. For data center applications in North America, there is a range of plug types to choose from, including 120V (5-15P, 5-20P, L5-30P) and 208/240V (L6-20P, L6-30P) plugs that support a range of power capacities. Large capacities may require a hardwire input connection installed by an electrician, rather than a detachable plug.
Key Points: The input voltage (and plug) should match the voltage of a circuit available (or installable) at the site. The output voltage should match the requirements of the connected equipment. For home and office applications in North America, nominal AC input and output voltages are typically 120V.
The runtime of the UPS system is an estimate of how long its battery can support connected equipment during a power outage. The runtime varies with the wattage of the equipment connected to the UPS system's outlets. The higher the wattage, the shorter the runtime. The UPS system's product detail page will list estimated runtimes at specified wattage levels. If you need additional runtime, choose a UPS system with a higher load capacity and/or expandable runtime.
Key Points: At 80 percent of its maximum capacity, a UPS system will provide several minutes of runtime during a power outage. That's long enough to outlast most outages and gives you time to shut down equipment (either manually or automatically) during a longer outage.
This seems straightforward – simply count the number of devices that you plan to plug into the UPS system. But you should also consider that AC adapters may cover more than one outlet. Some UPS systems include outlets with extra space around them to accommodate bulky AC adapters without blocking adjacent outlets.
If you are connecting servers or network equipment, each device may have more than one internal power supply and more than one power cord.
Key Points: UPS systems designed to be mounted in a data center rack typically work in conjunction with one or more separate power distribution units (PDUs). Each PDU plugs into an outlet on the UPS, and IT equipment plugs into outlets on the PDUs. In this case, the UPS only needs enough outlets to plug in the PDUs.
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Every AC adapter and glowing LED represents a potential "phantom load," which is electricity wasted by an idle device, even when it appears to be turned off. Eco UPS systems help eliminate phantom loads.
When the energy-saving function is enabled, the UPS detects when the designated "master" device, such as a computer or television, turns off or enters standby mode. Then the UPS automatically turns off the energy-saving outlets to prevent peripheral devices connected to those outlets from wasting electricity. Other outlets stay on to support devices that operate continuously, such as wireless routers and DVRs. When the master device turns on again, the UPS automatically restores power to the energy-saving outlets, and the entire system is ready to use.
UPS systems are crucial to maintaining system availability, but the wrong UPS system can actually cause downtime. Traditional UPS systems typically require you to power down and disconnect your equipment during a UPS repair. Before you can restore productivity, you will need a technician to install the new UPS system. You will also need to reconnect, power up and test your equipment.
Eaton's hot-swappable UPS systems have one or more user-installable, hot-swappable power modules and a detachable PDU with a manual bypass switch. After you activate the bypass switch, you can completely remove and replace the power module while the detachable PDU keeps your critical systems powered. This feature can eliminate up to 60 minutes of downtime during a single repair.
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